101 Pathos and Fallacies Professor Ramos Blog

101 Pathos and Fallacies Four Strategies Quick Write Argument prompt 4 Ways to Persuade with Emotion (Pathos) Four Strategies Concrete Examples Connotative Diction Metaphors and Similes Tone Appeals to pathos target the link between audience members and their values. When we act on our values, we experience emotions like happiness, pride, satisfaction, etc. When we do not, we often feel shame, fear, or anger. The same goes for the actions of people around us: we are often pleased when the actions of people around us align with our values and angry when they don’t. Persuasion: Emotion Handout Appeals to Emotions Images can be used to instill an emotional response in the audience. Even implied images in text can be very emotionally powerful. A description of blood stained clothes draws certain emotions in a reader. Lawyers know how important visuals can be. They dress their defendants in suits and ties to make them seem more credible. Types of emotional appeals: appeal to pity appeal to fear appeal to self-interest Sexual bandwagon humor celebrity testimonials identity prejudice lifestyle stereotypes patriotic Would you persuade, speak of Interest, not Reason. – Benjamin Franklin Images as Arguments Images can be used to help us see the argument that the author is intending. They can be used to lower our skepticism, visual proof of something that happened. This is problematic nowadays with the popularity of programs such as Photoshop, where images can be changed or manipulated. Now more than ever, we have to be weary of taking images at face value. We have to critically think about images and their intended effect. Three basic questions we can ask. Who produced the image? Who distributed the image? Who consumed the image? If you think that pictures will help you make the point you are arguing, include them with captions explaining their sources and relevance. Persuasive Techniques in Advertising This is a great video that shows how pathos, logos, and ethos are used in advertising. Duration 8:28 Persuasive Techniques in Advertising Quick Write Fallacy Definition a mistaken belief, especially one based on unsound argument. a failure in reasoning that renders an argument invalid. faulty reasoning; misleading or unsound argument. We will be talking about fallacies today. These are general definitions of a fallacy. In your own words, what is a fallacy? What fallacies have you heard of? Intro to Fallacies Fallacies are connected to the different appeals: Ethos, Logos, and Pathos. Remember, Ethos is appeals to credibility or character Logos is appeals to logic and reason Pathos is appeals to feelings or emotions. Appealing to ethos or pathos is not in itself a fallacy, only appealing to them or using them unethically is.  Here is an example of a fallacy used to persuade. Why do we say this is a fallacy? Key Terms Argument: A conclusion together with the premises that support it. Premise: A reason offered as support for another claim. Conclusion: A claim that is supported by a premise. Valid: An argument whose premises genuinely support its conclusion. Unsound: An argument that has at least one false premise. Fallacy:  An argument that relies upon faulty reasoning. Booby-trap: An argument that, while not a fallacy itself, might lead an inattentive reader to commit a fallacy. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy – Fallacies This is a great resource for further reading on fallacies and how they are  not so simple. The article  lists 223 of the most common fallacies. I do not expect you to know them all or to never use any. Fallacies are controversial. We appreciate logic and honesty in Western rhetorical thinking and that is at odds with many fallacies. Fallacies are not necessarily wrong, they work very well and are very good at persuading people. Fallacies are considered unethical and so we try to avoid them. They are thought of as flaws in thought, tricks, and sneaky uses of persuasion to convince others.

Marketing Management of Freshbins

Marketing Management of Freshbins Executive Summary The aim of this paper is to provide marketing ideas for a new invention, Freshbins Robotic Sanitizer, which is a highly efficient product that will contribute to keeping the Australian cites clean, increasing the hygiene, and lowering the level of diseases caused by airborne germs.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Marketing Management of Freshbins specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It would work as a supplier of the Australian governmental and non-governmental organisations, which maintain cleanliness of the cities and appoints labour to work on field. This product will help such organisations to boost their efficiently by making them able to undertake huge number of bin cleaning programs at very short period of time and reducing the human efforts apart from saving time. This product will also be offered to private individuals and families for carrying out their household activities; therefore, fo r having such a large group of customers, the revenues generated by this single product will be huge, even if the prices are set at a moderate level. In order to provide marketing advices to the marketer of the product, this paper will focus on introducing the background information of the invention, conducting an environmental analysis consisting of the PESTEL analysis and the Porter five forces analysis, assessing the consumer behaviour analysis of the country, and concentrating on the segmentation, targeting, and positioning of the invention. It would also construct appropriate product and pricing plans for the marketer followed by a few concluding remarks. Introduction to the Background Information of the Invention With the consideration of the prospective market demand and the idea of improving the waste disposal system of Australia and accordingly reinforce the efforts to ensure environmental sustainability, the newly invented Freshbins Robotic Sanitizer is chosen for been mar keted at a large extent throughout the country. According to The Australian Broadcasting Corporation (2011), Freshbins Robotic Sanitizer is an extremely contemporary bin clearing and disinfecting method invented by Paul Sewell, which uses three-facet visions to assist the mechanical limb to pick up a dustbin that is mechanically rinsed in an ozone-disinfecting process before being returned to the land; amazingly, the entire procedure needs about only 30 seconds.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The product has patented mechanized technology to convey one of the most protected, ecologically sustainable, and competent bin maintenance procedure in the globe; besides, the truck performs the entire task with the driver seated in cabin; most importantly, the truck can process 1000 bins in a day; therefore, the pickup ability of the robotic-arm is among its highly ess ential features. The location of the dustbin is not a problem; it could even lie on land; however, the arm uses sensors to find a dustbin at 68 likely positions, whilst a second sensor identifies any creature or child’s movement around the dustbin; in addition, it saves vast quantities water (whist clearing one domestic-size bin manually requires about 100 litres of water). However, it is important to note that although the product possesses a number of highly significant features, the success of marketing it can be doubtful if appropriate brand building strategies and awareness programs are not properly undertaken. Hoeffler Keller (2002) stated that brand awareness programs are necessary for marketing all sorts of products through different marketing campaigns; on the other hand, Hoyer Brown (1990) pointed that in order to ensure repeat purchases of a product, constructing relevant marketing strategies are crucial in order to sustain for long run. Environmental Analysis of Freshbins PESTEL Analysis Hitt, Ireland, Hoskisson (2001) has noted that it is necessary for marketers to conduct PESTEL analysis before considering to launch any product in the market as a thorough environmental analysis assists to better understand the present conditions of the industry. Moreover, Pearce Robinson (2006) argued that without a proper environmental analysis, businesses might fail to apprehend actual circumstances of the industry and subsequently undertake poorly researched strategies leading to breakdown of sales and revenues. The PESTEL framework for Freshbins is illustrated below: Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Marketing Management of Freshbins specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Figure 1: PESTEL Analysis Source: Self generated from Hitt, Ireland, Hoskisson (2001) Political Factor The current political circumstance of Australia is fairly unwavering with the government of the country trying to provide the best possible corporate responsive impression to each its national markets with an intention to boost the gross national product and per capita income. More decisively, the government constantly promotes and aids the enlargement of the neighbouring companies by dictating the governmental financial institutions to provide sufficient loans to start up businesses after assessing their prospects, which makes it easier for Freshbins to enter. Economic Factor According to Index mundi (2011) in spite of the harsh situations arising from the global economic turmoil, the economy of Australia has recovered quite quickly and is still recovering to revive its industries and job sectors. The following figure shows the real GDP growth rate comparison for recent years, outlining that the GDP has recovered after the 2009 slump: Figure 2: The real GDP growth rateAdvertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Source: Index mundi (2011) The graph below illustrates that the purchasing power parity of the Australian consumers is increasing, providing an optimistic outlook for Freshbins: Figure 3: The purchasing power parity Source: Index mundi (2011) Socio-cultural Factor The social and cultural aspects of Australia are highly diverse with the presence of people from many ethnic backgrounds; however, it is notable that Freshbins would stay beside the neighbouring communities and contribute to the societies by helping to better uphold a clean image to the world. Technological Factor Although the country has a booming technological sector, the industry competition is quite lower in terms of the market of Freshbins Robotic Sanitizer, as this is a pioneering innovation with highly equipped mechanics containing unique features not accessible in other similar products of Australia. Environmental Factor A number of environmental laws are present in Australia, which prevent the businesses of the c ountry to perform activities associated with massive pollutions. However, it is notable that the marketer of Freshbins will be socially responsible to reduce adverse affects in the environment by introducing more and more eco-friendly technology to eliminate germs from bins. Legal Factor For every start up business in Australia, a few numbers of problems arise due to lawful barriers such as environmental and labour legislations associated with the formation of the business and related advertisements of the products. Porter five forces of the Invention Porter (2004) has noted that environmental analysis of the industry helps the marketers to sort out the dilemma associated with the anticipation of the level of competition and the position of the particular business in the industry. However, the competitive position of Freshbins in accordance with Porter’s five forces is presented below Figure 4: Porter’s five forces for Freshbins Source: Self generated from Porter (2 004) Threat of New Entrants The threats of new entrants are quite low in the industry, because Freshbins has unique technology, which is also patent protected and so no new comers can quickly copy it and raise the level of competition. Bargaining power of buyer Bargaining power of buyers are low because there are no such services presently available in the Australian market where they can switch on. Bargaining Power of Suppliers The bargaining powers of suppliers are moderate because the supplies of the raw material needed to produce Freshbins come from much specialised producers who are lower in number, so the switching costs of the marketer of Freshbins are higher. Rivalry among competitors A low rivalry exist in the market owing to the individuality of the product and due to the fact that it is newly invented; moreover, even when slightly similar items are available, those are not as competent as Freshbins in terms of time saving, cost efficiency, and technology. Threats of subst itute product No substitutes are currently available and it is not possible to bring one because of the patent protection provided. Consumer Behaviour Analysis According to Bowden (2009), in order to influence consumer behaviour, the process of customer engagement needs to be enough dynamic in terms of strategic implementations put forward. Oliver (1999) noted that the marketer should not only endow focus to influence consumer behaviour, but also ensure that the respective policies are affirming consumer loyalty. Prus Randall (1995), Recklies (2006), Percy Rossiter (1992), and Cavero Cebollada (1997) stated that understanding behaviour and acting accordingly by overseeing customer awareness could lead to successful branding for any product. Conversely, successful branding reinforced by proper advertising will lead to repeat purchases of that item (Chi, Yeh, Yang, 2009; Deighton, Henderson, Neslin, 1994; and Macdonald ï ¼â€  Sharp, 2000). Because of all these reasons, customer behavioural analysis is essential; Sands Ferraro (2010) identified that Australian customers have turned more intrusive, pessimistic, demanding, and impulsive, expending cautiously and seeking console in dependable and trustworthy brands; moreover, about fifty percent of Australians started to search internet before purchasing in-store, whereas, 89 percent expend about three hours researching the product’s features. On the other hand, Sands Ferraro (2010) added that seventy-nine percent Australian customers now try to purchase online, so it is necessary for the marketer of Freshbins to build a website and sell over internet, as it is expected that further eighty-three percent people will buy online by the next year, whereas the sales will reach $23.4bn by 2014. Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning Segmentation Johnson, Seholes, Whittington (2006) stated that before marketing any product, a properly conducted customer segmentation and configuration of people of the targ eted country would enable the marketer to obtain an idea about the probable clients and undertake marketing policies that would suit that market. For example, through the age configuration of people, it would be easy to understand the numbers of adults in the economy, providing a rough idea about people requiring a household bin-cleaning machine. Moreover, a rising growth rate of the economy would illustrate the future opportunity of having a further expanded customer base; so according to Kotler Armstrong (2006), market segmentation is crucial; the customer segmentation by gender and age configuration of people of the country are outlined below: Customer segmentation by gender and age configuration of people Total number of people 21,766,711 in 2011 estimation * Zero to fourteen year olds 18.3 percent (men 2,040,848 women 1,937,544) * Fifteen to sixty-four year olds 67.7 percent (men 7,469,092 women 7,266,143) * Sixty-five year olds and above 14 percent (men 1 ,398,576 women 1,654,508) * Total average age of population 37.7 yrs * Men: average age 37 yrs * Women: average age 38.4 yrs * Inhabitants development rate 1.148 percent in 2011 projection * Birth- rate 12.33 births per thousand population * Death- rate 6.88 deaths per thousand population * Ethnic origins in the country White ninety two percent, Asian seven percent, native other one percent * Below fifteen years 1.05 man per woman * Fifteen to sixty-four years 1.03 man per woman * Sixty-five years and above 0.84 man per woman * Literacy 99 percent men and 99 percent women * Table 1: Customer segmentation Source: Self generated from Index mundi (2011) Targeting The targeted customers of the Freshbins Robotic Sanitizer are the governmental and non- governmental organisations of the country, which act together with the vision of upholding hygiene in the national communities. This product will be supplied to such businesses in bulk, makin g high profit margins and keeping contribution over the socially responsible behaviours. Another target group are the private individuals and families that suffer great troubles for carrying out their household activities because of the busy lifestyle of people. This would help working men and women to finish tasks that are highly time consuming and require touching dirt by hand. Besides, rather than busy or working people, retired or unemployed people will also be the targeted group as most of them are old and frail and require help from technology to do it rapidly without any need for hard work. Positioning The following figure shows the market positioning of Freshbins; it shows that the product will be of high quality, and pricing will be higher because of uniqueness: Figure 5: Market positioning of Freshbins Source: Self-generated from Kotler Armstrong (2006) Product and Pricing Plans The product has a number of distinctive features, for example, using ozone as a disinfectant, it reprocesses water and remarkably uses merely 63ml per dustbin, whereas manually it requires about 100 litres; moreover, no chemicals are required for the purpose; therefore, there is no chemical remains either creating risk to the operator or atmosphere. In addition, no microbes will enter the atmosphere as the ozone even neutralises the toxicants in the waste; so, the wastes sent to the landfill is entirely germ-free; conversely, the operator has CCTV pictures of the entire activity and he manages them from a touch screen within the truck cabin. All such features indicate that the pricing needs to be quite higher for this invention; Brealey Myers (2002) noted that the more the uniqueness of the product, the more viable it is to set the price at high level, as no other substitute-items are available for consumers. However, Malhotra (2009) identified that a proper marketing research is essential before setting the prices, which should include quantitative or qualitative question naires intended for surveying the prospective customers in order to assess the amount they are likely to spend over such an item. Nevertheless, it can be argued that as this invention is completely new and the product is patent protected, it is not likely for any other businesses to bring out items with the same technology and offer those at lower prices gaining competitive advantage over Freshbins; as a result, there will be almost market domination by the Freshbins. Therefore, it will be feasible for the marketer of Freshbins to focus on premium pricing at the initial stage; however, considering the performance of the product for a substantial time, the pricing strategy can be reconsidered by evaluating demand and production costs. Conclusion It is important to state that although Freshbins Robotic Sanitizer has great opportunities after penetrating the market, it is necessary to conduct a market survey to identify the consumer confidence of Australia and the extent to which they are able to spend over the item. This is because although the economy has recovered from the recessionary impact, the current condition of the Euro zone crisis can get severe and spread over the Australian financial institutions, it which case, it would be tough for the marketer to collect the finance that is needed to enter the market, which includes costs such as outlays of advertising campaigns. Reference List Bowden, J. L (2009) The Process of Customer Engagement: A Conceptual Framework. Journal of Marketing Theory Practice, 17(1): 63-74. Brealey, A. R. Myers, S. (2002) Principles of Corporate Finance. 7th ed. New York: McGraw Hill. Cavero, S., Cebollada, J. (1997) Brand choice and marketing strategy: An application to the market of laundry detergent for delicate clothes in Spain. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 10(1): 57-71. Chi, H. K., Yeh, H. R., Yang, Y. T. (2009) The Impact of Brand Awareness on Consumer Purchase Intention: The Mediating Effect of Perceived Quality and Brand Loyalty. The Journal of International Management Studies, 4(1): 135-144. Deighton, J., Henderson, C. M., Neslin, S. A. (1994) The effects of advertising on brand switching and repeat purchasing. Journal of Marketing Research, 16(1): 28-43. Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D., Hoskisson, R. E. (2001) Strategic Management. 4th ed. South-Western Thomson Learning. Hoeffler, S., Keller, K. L. (2002) Building brand equity through corporate societal marketing. Journal of Public Policy Marketing, 21(1): 78-89. Hoyer, W. D. Brown, S. P. (1990) Effects of Brand Awareness on Choice for a Common, Repeat-Purchase Product. Journal of Consumer Research, 17(2): 141-148. Index mundi (2011). Australia Demographics Profile 2011. [Online] Available from: indexmundi.com/australia/demographics_profile.html Index mundi (2011) Australia GDP (purchasing power parity). [Online] Available from: indexmundi.com/australia/gdp_(purchasing_power_parity).html Index mundi (2011) GDP real growth ra te (%). [Online] Available from: indexmundi.com/g/g.aspx?c=asv=66 Johnson, G. Seholes, K. Whittington, R. (2006) Exploring Corporate Strategy: Text Cases. 8th ed. London: FT Prentrice Hall. Kotler, P., Armstrong, G. (2006) Principles of Marketing. 11th ed. Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited. Macdonald, E. K., ï ¼â€  Sharp, B. M. (2000) Brand awareness effects on consumer decision making for a common, repeat purchase product: A replication. Journal of Business Research, 48(5). Malhotra, N. K. (2009) Marketing Research- An Applied Orientation. 5th ed. Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited. Oliver, R. L. (1999) Whence Consumer Loyalty? Journal of Marketing, 63(1): 33-44. Pearce, J. A. Robinson, R. B. (2006) Strategic Management. 8th ed. London: McGraw-Hill. Percy, L., Rossiter, J. R. (1992) A model of brand awareness and brand attitude advertising strategies. Journal of Psychology Marketing, 9(1): 263-274. Porter, M. E. (2004) Competitive Strategy. Export Edition. New York : The Free Press. Prus, A., Randall, B. D. (1995) Understanding your customers. Journal of Marketing Tools, 2(1): 10-14. Sands, S. Ferraro, C. (2010) 2010 Consumer Trends Report Australia. [pdf] Available from: salmat.com.au/content/documents/news-insights/2010-consumer-trends-report.pdf The Australian Broadcasting Corporation (2011) Freshbins: Invented by Paul Sewell. [Online] Available from: abc.net.au/tv/newinventors/inventions/2011.htm

Importance of Management Information Systems Assignment

Importance of Management Information Systems - Assignment Example I agree with the author’s claims about Management Information Systems (MIS) being the most important class a student can take in an undergraduate business class. This is so because it is all about how people whether as an individual entity, a group or even the whole organization can use the set systems and technology to make decisions for the benefit of the whole organization. The good thing about this is that it encourages uniform decision making and hence no extreme decisions that may affect productivity and sustainability of the organization negatively can take place.   The author mentions that the greatest advantage of an MIS is the fact that it can be utilized in any department in the organization whether   in marketing, accounting and finance, manufacturing, human resource department, in the social application or even in other general departments (Gupta 255). This is true and I agree with it because MIS has a set of systems it proposes organizations or groups to use and once they are engaged, they can be able to pinpoint out the areas the company or group needs to improve on and which ones are already perfect. This can happen in any department as long as the records kept are correct and updated. I however disagree with the author’s assertions that an MIS system is not as effective when utilized by an individual entity as it is when utilized by a group of people or the whole organization (Gupta 356). I disagree because MIS has already set systems in place and hence anyone with good knowledge of how to utilize them can gain meaningful results similar to what an organization or a group of people get.